La influencia de los estereotipos de género en la orientación emprendedora individual y la intención de emprender

Esta investigación analiza las diferencias de género en las dimensiones de la orientación emprendedora individual (OEI), diferenciando entre aquellos estereotipos asociados con lo masculino y los identificados como andróginos. Además se estudia la relación entre la OEI y la intención de crear una empresa expresada por hombres y mujeres. Basado en una muestra de 1.337 estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona, los resultados del análisis de regresión múltiple confirman las hipótesis relativas a la naturaleza masculina de dos de las dimensiones de la OEI, la proactividad y la asunción de riesgos, así como la condición andrógina de la capacidad de innovación. Todas estas tres dimensiones influirán positivamente en la intención emprendedora de los individuos. Una de las principales aportaciones de este estudio es la de poner de relieve la influencia de los estereotipos de género en el grado de propensión de los individuos para desarrollar ciertas dimensiones de su orientación empresarial. Estas conclusiones refuerzan la hipótesis de que la identificación de la figura del empresario con los roles típicamente masculinos podrían ser perjudiciales para la identificación de las mujeres con dicha imagen, lo que interfiere en su evaluación real del emprendimiento como una alternativa profesional

A Call for Novel Research in Entrepreneurship

The article outlines selected issues that are of particular relevance in entrepreneurship research, including comparative research, studies at lower levels of enquiry as well as contextualized enquiries, and where we see special interest from the Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business when it comes to receiving submissions

Why does she start up? The role of personal values in women's entrepreneurial intentions

This paper aims at shedding light on the role of personal values in the formation of women's entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). This should help explain whether (and why) women interpret the (entrepreneurial) reality around them differently from the way men do. To do so, this paper follows the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), combined with Schwartz's values theory. The model is then tested on a sample of 2923 highly-educated individuals from Spain. The results confirm the importance of value priorities in determining the EI, even after controlling for their motivational antecedents (as the TPB states). They also show that average value priorities are different both between women and men and between high- and low-intention women. The results are compatible with a post-structural feminist perspective. Therefore, the convenience of promoting a more gender-neutral entrepreneurship stereotype is highlighted

The role of androgynous gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship

Numerous studies have addressed the phenomenon of entrepreneurship from a gender perspective. In many of them, the gender perspective consists of analyzing the differences shown in the behavior of entrepreneurs based on their biological sex. This approach has several limitations in interpreting the phenomenon and, moreover, developing supportive policies. This paper addresses entrepreneurship from the perspective of the role orientation associated with gender. Based on a questionnaire to 780 students of business administration, the article follows the BSRI methodology to perform analysis. The results of the study confirm the persistence of gender stereotypes and their effect on the entrepreneurial phenomenon. Male stereotypes persist associated with entrepreneurs. But androgynous stereotypes also emerge. The emergence of this kind of stereotype may imply a change in attitude towards entrepreneurship. Finally, this research examines the influence of gender-role orientation of individuals in their entrepreneurial intention, deriving theoretical and practical implications for promoting female entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial dynamics and institutional changes

Contemporary literature has paid considerable attention to the relationships between formal and informal institutions and early stage firms' behaviours in different institutional settings in recent years. Given a constantly changing business environment in which companies are operating, there is a need to continuously study how they deal with new challenges and how they achieve new goals. It is essential for not only nascent but also experienced entrepreneurs to discover new dynamics in order to stay at a competitive level. This special issue of Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business aims to explore the role of dynamics that interact with institutional changes in surviving and growing ventures. We present the nine articles with a variety of studied contexts, which shed some light on how companies or organisations keep up with institutional changes at both macro and micro level, by actively transforming business practices and entrepreneurial processes

The development of sustainable entrepreneurship research field

Sustainable entrepreneurship has received substantial recognition from academics and practitioners in the last decade, with a noticeable and rapidly increases of publications on the topic. Through bibliometric techniques and tools, this study allows mapping the main academic literature on sustainable entrepreneurship and analyzes the most substantial contributions to the advances of research in this field. The chronological analysis of literature from the Web of Science-Social Sciences Citation Index (WoS-SSCI) database until January 2018 provides new insights not previously reviewed, such as the journals, authors and articles more influential so far. As a result, 282 articles were retrieved, which were published in 140 journals and written by 663 authors affiliated to 413 institutions, from 50 countries. The analysis allowed identifying publication evolution over time, and provides clues about the opportunities for future researc

The influence of human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of firms: A comparative study between Spain and Chile

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare the influence of entrepreneurs human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of their firms from two economically different contexts. Design/methodology/approach:This study was developed using data that were collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of Spain and Chile. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine and compare the influence of some elements of entrepreneurs´human and relational capital on the likelihood of their firms' rapid internationalization. Findings: The results revealed that Chilean entrepreneurs rely more on their formal education or experience to rapidly internationalize their firms. In contrast, Spanish entrepreneurs complement their formal education with their relational capital to conduct international entrepreneurial activities. Research limitations/implications: The implications of this study are related to the role that public policies play in promoting these types of entrepreneurial initiatives. Originality/value: This study presents several contributions. First, it advances the understanding of entrepreneurial internationalization in emerging economic contexts. Second, it provides a comparative study regarding entrepreneurial internationalization, which is considered a fundamental current in the field of international entrepreneurship. Finally, this comparative study improves our understanding of the influence of different economic contexts on entrepreneurial internationalization

Immigration and the competitiveness of an island tourism destination: A knowledge-based reputation analysis of Lanzarote, Canary Islands

This paper sheds light on the relationship between immigration and tourism competitiveness on the island of Lanzarote through the analysis of reputation from the demand perspective. The tourists' knowledge about news on immigration from a destination, their contact with immigrants in the area, and the influence of the presence of immigrants there are studied, as all these factors can have a major impact on island competitiveness in tourism. The empirical work has been conducted with a survey of tourists on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain. A total of 359 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results show a relatively low impact and retention of immigration news about the destination, and a low perceived contact with non-European immigrants when visiting the island. Moreover, tourists tend to recognize the positive value created by immigrants on the island, though some negative effects are also indicated. Finally, immigration seems to have a positive impact on the tourist's global satisfaction and loyalty to the island destination. © 2017 - Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada

International entrepreneurship: a critical review of the research field

This study provides a comprehensive review of the International Entrepreneurship (IE) literature and analyses its evolution in relation to the criticisms made by previous reviews. For this purpose, 272 articles published in 20 journals indexed in the Journal Citation Report for the 1989-2015 period were analysed in depth. The results reveal that researchers have increasingly worked to address these criticisms. Nevertheless, these efforts have not been sufficient since theoretical difficulties that prevent a better understanding of the IE field continue. (...

Leaders' sustainability competences and small and medium‐sized enterprises outcomes: the role of social entrepreneurial orientation

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGThe market for socially conscious products and services has grown exponentially in the last years. Consequently, adding social value is among the great challenges that companies have to face nowadays. In view of this, companies need leaders with a set of specific skills that prepares them to act and compete in this new environment. This is especially true for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are even more dependent on their leaders' competences. The aim of this article is to analyse the influence of leaders' sustainability competences on the social entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs of the tourism sector, as well as the influence of this strategy on the firm's performance. The methodology used to validate the measurement scales is exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modelling technique is applied to analyse the causal relationships proposed in the model. The results show that sustainability competences positively affect social entrepreneurial orientation; specifically, the social risk-taking and proactivity competence has a positive influence on the economic and social performance of SMEs, and in particular, on their green innovation performance. These results highlight the key role that leaders' competences have in SMEs' social orientation and thus, the importance of training in competences for sustainable development